Oracle startup error : ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters LRM-00109

SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/inittest01.ora'

This error is because of unavailability of file or current user does not have access to spfile.ora at path $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/*.ora

[root@localhost ~]# cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/
[root@localhost dbs]# ls -l
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 oracle oinstall 2851 May 15  2009 init.ora
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 oracle oinstall   24 Oct 31 23:06 lkORCL
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 1536 Oct 31 23:10 orapworcl
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 oracle oinstall  911 Nov  1 00:48 spfileorcl.ora
[root@localhost dbs]# 

make sure *.ora file must have permission to oracle user  

if file not have permissions , then use this commands to grant permissions 

[root@localhost dbs]# chown -R oracle:oinstall *
[root@localhost dbs]# chmod -R 777 *

Sometimes you got the error
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00123: invalid character found in the input file


When we try to startup the database using pfile , sometime above error can be shown, because of your pfile is containing invalid chars.

To overcome this error edit your ora file using "vim" or "gedit" editor and remove all invalid characters. Then then startup your database.